Analysing Educational Waste in the Punjab Schools

This paper examines educational waste in the Punjab Public Schools. The paper focuses upon three areas: schools’ internal efficiency, school capacity utilisation and student teacher ratio. By using cohort analysis technique, the paper measures waste in flows of students in the education cycle. The results show that repetition and dropout are more prevalent in class I and middle school classes. This implies that after having studied for five to six years in schools, a student finds themselves in a blind alley, not knowing where it all would end up. This also suggests that majority of the schools are located at large distance from the most of the population of the Punjab and students have to travel long distance for attending the schools. The under-utilisation of school capacity is more prevalent in rural area than that of urban areas and girls schools are more under-utilised than the boys schools. The under-utilisation is more widespread in boys schools of urban areas than the girls schools located in same vicinity and girls school in rural areas are more under-utilised than the boys schools. The pervasive theme emerged from results is that girls schools and teachers are mostly under-utilised. This reflects that disadvantage that girls face in Pakistan which may also cause under-utilisation of girls schools.

Neutron diffusion and multiplication in reactor lattices

Imperial Users onl

Hot Forging of a Cladded Component by Automated GMAW Process

Weld cladding is employed to improve the service life of engineering components by increasing corrosion and wear resistance and reducing the cost. The acceptable multi-bead cladding layer depends on single bead geometry. Hence, in first step, the relationship between input process parameters and the single bead geometry is studied and in second step a comprehensive study on multi bead clad layer deposition is carried out. This paper highlights an experimental study carried out to get single layer cladding deposited by automated GMAW process and to find the possibility of hot forming of the cladded work piece to get the final hot formed improved structure. The experiments for single bead were conducted by varying the three main process parameters wire feed rate, arc voltage and welding speed while keeping other parameters like nozzle to work distance, shielding gas and its flow rate and torch angle constant. The effect of bead spacing and torch orientation on the cladding quality of single layer from the results of single bead deposition was studied. A hot bending test at different temperatures of cladded plates with different dilution and nominal energy carried out

Novel Disease but responding to an Old Drug: Role of Prolonged Corticosteroid Use in Prevention and Treatment of Post-Covid Interstitial Lung Disease (PC-ILD)

Coronavirus has affected more than 128 million humans worldwide with invasionsin 129 countries across the globe. About 5-10 percent of these patients have pulmonary involvement in the form of COVID Pneumonia leading to ARDS. Although there are no statistics at the moment, trends show that majority will get rid of acute COVID respiratory involvement without any long-term pulmonary complications however several patients will face COVID sequel in the form of post-COVID fibrosis or post-COVID interstitial lung disease. With more and more survivors of COVID-19, long-term pulmonary complications of this infection especially Post-COVID ILD are being recognized by treating physicians ashavinga great impact on patients’functionality and quality of life. Since there is no research-based internationally accepted strategy to prevent and treat Post-COVID ILD, a strategy based upon observations of treating pulmonologists was devised in the COVID management unit at Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal to prevent and treat Post COVID interstitial lung disease.Keywords:Anti-fibrotic, Fibrosis, Post-COVID sequelae, Post-COVID fibrosis, Post-COVID ILD

Novel Disease but responding to an Old Drug: Role of Prolonged Corticosteroid Use in Prevention and Treatment of Post-Covid Interstitial Lung Disease (PC-ILD)

Coronavirus has affected more than 128 million humans worldwide with invasionsin 129 countries across the globe. About 5-10 percent of these patients have pulmonary involvement in the form of COVID Pneumonia leading to ARDS. Although there are no statistics at the moment, trends show that majority will get rid of acute COVID respiratory involvement without any long-term pulmonary complications however several patients will face COVID sequel in the form of post-COVID fibrosis or post-COVID interstitial lung disease. With more and more survivors of COVID-19, long-term pulmonary complications of this infection especially Post-COVID ILD are being recognized by treating physicians ashavinga great impact on patients’functionality and quality of life. Since there is no research-based internationally accepted strategy to prevent and treat Post-COVID ILD, a strategy based upon observations of treating pulmonologists was devised in the COVID management unit at Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal to prevent and treat Post COVID interstitial lung disease.Keywords:Anti-fibrotic, Fibrosis, Post-COVID sequelae, Post-COVID fibrosis, Post-COVID ILD

What, when and for whom model of Nutrition: a health management approach

Studies have shown that nutrition plays an important role in the pathophysiology of different health issues either physiological, or psychological. Nutrition is implicated in the development of health issues in different ways. The purpose of this mini review was to suggest a comprehensive model of nutrition, “What, When and for Whom Model of Nutrition”, in the light of existing literature. For this purpose, existing literature was explored to study the role of nutrition on mental health in perspective to, what type of nutrition, when it is consumed and/or who consumes it. Researchers concluded that it is not only what we eat affect the mental health, but when and whom it eats also affect the mental health. Author named this 3 Ws (What, When and Whom) Model of nutrition

Information Seeking Behavior and User Satisfaction of University Instructors: A Case Study

This study investigates information-seeking behavior and satisfaction level of teachers of National Textile University, Pakistan. A questionnaire collected data on preferred types of information sources and formats, methods for getting information, and level of user satisfaction of library services. The findings reveal that books, communication with colleagues and friends within NTU, journal articles, and communication with colleagues and friends in industry were the most preferred information sources. Both electronic/digital and printed formats were equally preferred by the respondents. The use of Internet and email is widespread. A majority of respondents prefer to visit the library themselves to get the required information. Respondents were generally satisfied with the quality of NTU library services, but they recommended increasing the collection to meet subject specific as well as leisure needs

Finite Density Simulations in Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is considered as a very strong candidate as a theory describing the strong interaction. However, it has to give answers about the phenomena believed to occur in nuclear matter such as the status of the bound states of the quarks in the nucleus and the absence of free quarks from the final states of the reactions. The possible deconfinement of the quarks(quark or quark-gluon plasma) at high temperature or density or both, is also a very important question which QCD. faces and which involves the study of thermodynamic aspects of QCD. The production of very hot and dense matter(quark-gluon plasma) in the laboratory may help us understand the phenomena occuring in the Supernovae, neutron stars and the early universe. The planned attempts to produce such an environment on a mini-scale at CERN in the near future has made this study even more important. Theoretical physicists are using different models and methods to predict the events in the quark-giuon plasma. One of the most promising method being used is Lattice gauge theory. The finite temperature lattice QCD. gives a strong signal of the phase transition from ordinary hadron matter to quark-gluon plasma at a critical temperature Tc=180 Mev which is unexpectedly very high and finite density lattice QCD. (quark number >0) can be considered as a possibility for correcting this . This method requires the determination of eigenvalues of a big sparse non-hermitian matrix and its inversion

An Analysis of Drug Abuse Networking in Pakistan

There are three principal reasons for undertaking the present paper. First, although all the dimensions of diffusion of drug abuse are still uncertain and the existence and extent of Drug Abuse Networking (DAN) is certainly not the only factor determining the likelihood of the spread of drug abuse. Nevertheless, one of the prime modes of its spread is through DAN. The extent of DAN and the diffusion of drug abuse in society are closely related to each other [Brook, Nomura and Cohen (1989, 1989a, 1992); Kornhauser (1978); Elliott, Huizinge and Dunford (1983); Delemarre (1993)]. Second, the network analysis provides an important instrumental element to deal with social problems and to uncover the information for intervention in specific groups of the community for the well-being of its members [Uehara (1990); Wellman and Scott (1990); Brook, Nomura, and Cohen (1980); Coombs (1973); Thompson (1973); Eggert, Thompson, Herting, Nicholas and Dicker (1994); Gould (1991)]. Last, the issues of DAN’s dynamics and its control have received little attention in literature relevant to Pakistan or elsewhere. It is also considered important from the policy point of view to determine the dynamics of DAN in Pakistan on the basis of experimental research.1 It is hoped that this paper will help in the attainment of these goals. It addresses the subject from different perspectives, but the major aim is to help develop and establish methodologies in the context of Pakistan. Such research may help those involved in making the policies and in controlling the diffusion of drug abuse in Pakistan. In recen